{"id":20595,"date":"2017-03-20T15:51:03","date_gmt":"2017-03-20T15:51:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.oracletutoring.ca\/blog\/?p=20595"},"modified":"2017-03-20T15:51:03","modified_gmt":"2017-03-20T15:51:03","slug":"chemistry-zone-refining","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oracletutoring.ca\/blog\/chemistry-zone-refining\/","title":{"rendered":"Chemistry: zone refining"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tutoring chemistry remains interesting because it’s full of neat concepts and applications.<\/h1>\n

Zone refining is a technique that can produce highly pure samples; the semiconductors germanium and silicon can be zone-refined.<\/p>\n

For zone refining to work, the substance must reject impurities as it cools. Mathematically, the ratio between the % impurity it will tolerate in solid form versus liquid form is k, the distribution coefficient. When k<1, the molten substance, as it solidifies, will exclude impurities; the impurities will be pushed to the boundary between solid and liquid.\n\nZone refining is carried out as follows:\n\n\n

    \n
  1. A long rod of the impure substance, desired to be refined, is obtained.<\/li>\n
  2. A cylindrical heater, much shorter than the rod, is fitted around one end.<\/li>\n
  3. The heater melts the portion of the rod it surrounds, then is moved along to the adjacent section, which it also heats and melts.<\/li>\n
  4. The portion of the rod that has been left behind now cools and solidifies.<\/li>\n
  5. Because k<1, the solidifying part of the rod excludes the impurities, which are drawn to the adjacent, molten section of the rod.<\/li>\n
  6. As the process continues, the impurities are drawn along the rod, eventually to its far end, which can be discarded.<\/li>\n
  7. With each melting and re-hardening, perhaps not all impurities are removed. However, the process can be repeated to gain increased purity.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Source:<\/p>\n

    Mortimer, Charles E. Chemistry,<\/u> sixth ed. Belmont: Wadsworth, 1986.<\/p>\n

    www.princeton.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

    www.princeton.edu<\/a><\/p>\n

    Jack of Oracle Tutoring by Jack and Diane,<\/a> Campbell River, BC.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Tutoring chemistry remains interesting because it’s full of neat concepts and applications. Zone refining is a technique that can produce highly pure samples; the semiconductors germanium and silicon can be zone-refined. For zone refining to work, the substance must reject …<\/p>\n

    Chemistry: zone refining<\/span> Read More »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[2180,2182,2183,2181,2179],"class_list":["post-20595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry","tag-distribution-coefficient-k","tag-germanium","tag-semiconductors","tag-silicon","tag-zone-refining"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oracletutoring.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oracletutoring.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oracletutoring.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oracletutoring.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oracletutoring.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20595"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.oracletutoring.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20595\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20614,"href":"https:\/\/www.oracletutoring.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20595\/revisions\/20614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oracletutoring.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oracletutoring.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oracletutoring.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}