Biology: how do mRNA vaccines work?

Tutoring biology, current technology comes up. The tutor mentions mRNA vaccines.

A simple way to see mRNA is as a blueprint to make a certain protein; a cell that contains specific mRNA will make the protein it describes.

An mRNA vaccine contains mRNA that indicates production of a type of protein the pathogen makes, but that the human body doesn’t naturally make. The mRNA from the vaccine enters the human’s cells, which start making that protein; next, that protein is manifested somehow, perhaps on the cell surface. The immune system notices the new protein and that it’s not a natural part of the body, so it develops antibodies against it. Therefore, immunity is prepared against the actual pathogen, should it attack the body.

Source:

mayoclinic.org

medlineplus.gov